H.R. 2548: Sanctioning Russia Act of 2025

H.R. 2548 is built as a machine with one switch. Within 15 days of enactment, and every 90 days after that, the President has to determine whether Russia is refusing to negotiate a peace agreement with Ukraine, violating one it already signed, launching another military invasion, or working to overthrow or subvert Ukraine's government. Every sanction, prohibition and tariff in the bill flows from that finding, and none of them take effect until the President makes it.

Once the finding is made, the clock is 15 days. Twenty-four named Russian leadership posts — the president, the prime minister, the defense minister, the service chiefs, the foreign, finance, energy and agriculture ministers, and the heads of the intelligence and security services — would face blocked property and revoked visas. The same treatment extends to anyone selling arms to the Russian military, anyone the President identifies as an oligarch, and any foreign person operating in Russia's energy, commodities, telecommunications, banking, industrial, transportation or manufacturing sectors.

The financial provisions run wide. The Central Bank of Russia, Sberbank, VTB and Gazprombank would be blocked, along with any Russian state-owned bank and any bank anywhere that transacts with them. U.S. banks and brokers could not process transfers to or from Russia at all. The SEC would pull Russian state-affiliated issuers off national exchanges. Hedge funds, private equity firms and venture funds could not invest in entities the Russian government owns or controls, and no American could buy Russian sovereign debt.

Energy gets its own set of restrictions. No U.S.-produced energy could be exported to Russia, no American could invest in Russia's energy sector, and uranium from Russia or Rosatom would be barred from entering the country — including uranium routed through a third country after being sourced there.

Then the tariffs. Goods and services from Russia would carry a duty of at least 500 percent, stacked on top of any antidumping or countervailing duties already owed. The same 500 percent rate would apply to every good and service from any country that knowingly buys or sells Russian-origin oil, uranium, gas or petroleum products, not only to that country's energy exports.

The escape hatches are narrow. The President could waive the third-country tariff one time per country, good or service, for no more than 180 days, and could not waive it at all for a country the State Department has designated a state sponsor of terrorism. Sanctions could be lifted only if the President certifies to Congress both that the conduct has verifiably stopped and that Russia has entered a peace agreement with Ukraine, and they would be reimposed automatically if it resumed.

The bill's definition of a military invasion is broad: ground assaults, amphibious and airborne operations, aerial bombardment, missile strikes, naval blockades, cyberattacks, and an attack on any territory another sovereign country controls. Humanitarian and medical assistance to the Russian people is exempt, as are authorized U.S. intelligence activities.