H.R. 2799: Closing the Bump Stock Loophole Act of 2025
Sponsor
Dina Titus
Democrat · NV-1
Bill Progress
Latest Action · Apr 9, 2025
Referred to the Judiciary, and in addition to the Committee on Ways and Means, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned. for review
Why it matters
The bill responds to ongoing legal and political fights over bump stocks and other rapid-fire add-ons by trying to write a clearer federal ban directly into law.
H.R. 2799, the Closing the Bump Stock Loophole Act of 2025, is designed to shut down a gap in federal gun law that has fueled years of debate after mass shootings and court challenges. Instead of relying on agency rules, the bill would explicitly ban devices and gun modifications that materially increase the rate of fire of a semi-automatic firearm or make it behave more like a machinegun. That gives Congress, rather than regulators, the lead role in defining what is illegal.
The bill is broader than a simple bump-stock ban. It covers manual, powered, and electronic devices attached to a semi-automatic firearm, as well as parts or combinations of parts that reduce the need for a shooter to make a separate trigger movement for each shot. It also bans possession of a semi-automatic firearm that has already been modified in a way that materially increases its firing speed or approximates machinegun action. In plain terms, it tries to catch not just one product, but a whole category of rapid-fire conversion tools and altered firearms.
The measure also creates a narrow path for some currently owned modified firearms. People who already lawfully possess a covered modified semi-automatic firearm before enactment would have 120 days to register it under the National Firearms Act. If they do, they could keep or lawfully transfer that specific firearm under the bill's grandfathering language. That approach combines a forward-looking ban with a registration requirement for some existing weapons rather than requiring immediate surrender.
Supporters will argue the bill is a public-safety measure aimed at reducing access to accessories that can dramatically increase firing speed without buying a fully automatic weapon. Critics are likely to say the bill uses vague terms like "materially increases" and "approximates," which could create uncertainty for gun owners, manufacturers, and courts. Those wording fights may become the central issue as the bill moves through committee, especially because enforcement could turn on how federal agencies and judges interpret those phrases.
What does H.R. 2799 do?
Defines semi-automatic firearm in federal law
The bill adds a new definition saying a semi-automatic firearm fires one round per trigger action, reloads itself using energy from the fired cartridge, and is not a machinegun.
Bans rapid-fire devices after 120 days
Starting 120 days after enactment, it would be illegal to import, make, sell, transfer, receive, or possess devices attached to semi-automatic guns that materially increase firing speed or mimic machinegun fire.
Covers parts and conversion kits too
The ban is not limited to complete accessories like bump stocks. It also includes any part or combination of parts designed to increase firing speed by reducing the need for a separate trigger movement for each shot.
Bans modified guns, not just add-ons
A semi-automatic firearm that has been altered to fire much faster or to approximate a machinegun would itself become unlawful to possess or transfer, unless covered by the bill's grandfathering rule.
Requires registration of some existing modified firearms
People who already lawfully own a covered modified semi-automatic firearm before the law takes effect would have 120 days to register it under the National Firearms Act if they want to keep it legally.
Exempts government and law enforcement use
The restrictions would not apply to the United States, states, tribes, or their agencies and subdivisions acting under official authority.
Who benefits from H.R. 2799?
Communities concerned about gun violence
They could see fewer rapid-fire devices and modified weapons in circulation, which supporters argue may reduce the potential lethality of shootings.
Law enforcement agencies
The bill gives clearer statutory authority to investigate and prosecute trafficking and possession of rapid-fire conversion devices, rather than relying mainly on regulatory interpretation.
Gun-safety advocacy groups
These groups benefit from Congress directly writing a federal ban into law, which may be harder to reverse than an agency rule.
Owners who already lawfully possess covered modified firearms
They get a limited legal pathway to keep those firearms if they register them within the deadline.
Who is affected by H.R. 2799?
Gun accessory manufacturers and sellers
Companies that make or sell bump stocks or similar rapid-fire devices could lose products, inventory, and revenue, and may face criminal penalties for continued sales.
Current owners of modified semi-automatic firearms
They would need to determine whether their firearm is covered and, if so, register it within 120 days or risk unlawful possession.
Gun owners and hobbyists who modify firearms
They may face more legal uncertainty about which modifications are allowed, especially because the bill uses broad terms about increasing rate of fire.
Federal courts and regulators
They would likely be pulled into disputes over how to interpret the bill's language and whether the law is constitutional.
H.R. 2799 Common Questions
How long would gun owners have to register a modified semiautomatic firearm under HR 2799?
Owners lawfully possessing a covered modified semiautomatic firearm before enactment would have 120 days after enactment to register it under the National Firearms Act, according to H.R. 2799 Section 2(a)(2).
Can you keep a modified semiautomatic firearm if you already owned it before the law passes?
Yes, under the Closing the Bump Stock Loophole Act of 2025, a lawfully modified and possessed semiautomatic firearm can be kept or transferred if it was owned before enactment and registered within the bill’s deadline (Section 2(a)(2)).
Does HR 2799 ban possession of a semiautomatic gun that has already been modified for rapid fire?
Yes. H.R. 2799 would prohibit possessing or transferring a semiautomatic firearm modified to materially increase its rate of fire or approximate a machinegun, unless grandfathered and registered under Section 2(a)(2).
Can electronic or powered bump-stock-style devices be banned under the Closing the Bump Stock Loophole Act of 2025?
Yes. The bill covers manual, power-driven, and electronic devices attached to semiautomatic firearms if they materially increase the rate of fire or approximate a machinegun, under Section 2(a)(2).
Does HR 2799 ban trigger parts or conversion kits that reduce separate trigger movement?
Yes. According to H.R. 2799 Section 2(a)(2), any device, part, or combination of parts designed or functioning to increase firing speed by eliminating the need for a separate movement for each trigger function is prohibited.
When would the bump stock and rapid-fire device ban take effect under HR 2799?
The new prohibition would take effect 120 days after enactment under the Closing the Bump Stock Loophole Act of 2025 (Section 2(a)(2)).
Which actions would become illegal for rapid-fire devices under HR 2799?
H.R. 2799 would make it unlawful to import, sell, manufacture, transfer, receive, or possess covered rapid-fire devices in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce, according to Section 2(a)(2).
Are police, states, tribes, or federal agencies exempt from the HR 2799 rapid-fire device ban?
Yes. Under the Closing the Bump Stock Loophole Act of 2025, the ban does not apply to the United States, states, tribes, or their departments, agencies, or political subdivisions acting under official authority (Section 2(a)(2)).
What counts as a semiautomatic firearm under the Closing the Bump Stock Loophole Act of 2025?
The bill defines it as a firearm that uses firing energy to reload, requires a separate pull, release, push, or initiation of the trigger for each shot, and is not a machinegun, under Section 2(a)(1).
Does HR 2799 treat certain modified semiautomatic firearms as NFA firearms?
Yes. H.R. 2799 amends the National Firearms Act so a semiautomatic firearm modified as described in the bill is treated as a firearm for NFA purposes, according to Section 2(b).
Based on H.R. 2799 bill text
HR2799 Legislative Journey
House: Committee Action
Apr 9, 2025
Referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, and in addition to the Committee on Ways and Means, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
About the Sponsor
Dina Titus
Democrat, Nevada's 1st congressional district · 17 years in Congress
Committees: Foreign Affairs, Transportation and Infrastructure
View full profile →
Cosponsors (150)
This bill has 150 cosponsors: 149 Democrats, 1 Republican. Cosponsors represent 34 states: Arizona, California, Colorado, and 31 more.
Brian Fitzpatrick
Republican · PA
Henry Johnson
Democrat · GA
Seth Magaziner
Democrat · RI
Janice Schakowsky
Democrat · IL
Stephen Lynch
Democrat · MA
Joyce Beatty
Democrat · OH
David Scott
Democrat · GA
Betty McCollum
Democrat · MN
Suzanne Bonamici
Democrat · OR
Scott Peters
Democrat · CA
Jared Moskowitz
Democrat · FL
Andrea Salinas
Democrat · OR
Cosponsor Coverage Map
Committee Sponsors
Ways and Means Committee
14 of 45 committee members cosponsored
Judiciary Committee
16 of 44 committee members cosponsored
9 Democrats across these committees haven't cosponsored yet. Mobilize their constituents
What laws does H.R. 2799 change?
1 changes
Sections Amended
Section 5845(a) of Internal Revenue Code of 1986
striking ``and (8) a destructive device'' and inserting ``(8) a destructive device; and (9) a semi-automatic firearm, as defined in section 921 of title 18, United States Code, that is modified as described in section 922(v)(1)(C) of such title''
H.R. 2799 Quick Facts
- Committee
- Ways and Means
- Chamber
- House
- Policy
- Crime and Law Enforcement
- Introduced
- Apr 9, 2025
Referred to the Judiciary, and in addition to the Committee on Ways and Means, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned. for review
Apr 9, 2025
Official Sources
Official bill text, cosponsors, and legislative history for the Closing the Bump Stock Loophole Act of 2025
ATF's hub page for the bump stock final rule, including Q&A on the Supreme Court's Cargill decision and current legal status
Overview of the NFA registration system that this bill would require for certain modified semi-automatic firearms
The federal firearms chapter this bill amends, including definitions (Section 921), unlawful acts (Section 922), and penalties (Section 924)
The National Firearms Act definition of 'firearm' that this bill would expand to include modified semi-automatic firearms
The 2024 Supreme Court case that struck down ATF's bump stock rule, creating the regulatory gap this bill aims to close through legislation
Who is lobbying on H.R. 2799?
11 organizations lobbying on this bill
NATIONWIDE INSURANCE COMPANIES | 4 |
TRANSAMERICA LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY | 4 |
STATE STREET BANK AND TRUST CO. | 4 |
LINCOLN NATIONAL CORPORATION | 4 |
EMPOWER RETIREMENT LLC | 4 |
AMERICAN BENEFITS COUNCIL | 4 |
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR GUN RIGHTS | 4 |
SAFETY AND ADVOCACY FOR EMPOWERMENT (SAFE) (F/K/A COALITION OF IGNITION INTERLOC | 3 |
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE U.S.A. | 3 |
BRADY CAMPAIGN TO PREVENT GUN VIOLENCE | 3 |
Showing 1-10 of 11 organizations
H.R. 2799 Bill Text
“To amend title 18, United States Code, to prohibit machinegun conversion devices and illegal modifications of semiautomatic firearms, and for other purposes.”
Source: U.S. Government Publishing Office
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