H.R. 20: Richard L. Trumka Protecting the Right to Organize Act of 2025
Sponsor
Robert Scott
Democrat · VA-3
Bill Progress
Latest Action · Mar 5, 2025
Referred to the House Committee on Education and Workforce.
H.R. 20 makes union drives harder to stall
Why it matters
Up to $100,000 per violation is the bill's clearest warning shot. H.R. 20 would speed union elections, push first-contract fights into binding arbitration, and raise the cost for employers that interfere.
H.R. 20 is a broad rewrite of federal labor law aimed at making it easier for workers to organize and win a first contract. It speeds up the election process, broadens which workers count as employees, and expands when multiple businesses can be treated as responsible for the same workforce.
The bill also changes what happens after workers vote yes. If a new union and employer still do not have a first contract after 90 days of bargaining, either side can ask for mediation. If that fails after 30 more days, a three-person arbitration panel would set binding contract terms that last 2 years.
It also targets common anti-union pressure tactics. H.R. 20 would make it unlawful to permanently replace strikers, force workers into campaign-style anti-union meetings unrelated to their jobs, or interfere with union activity on workplace communication systems when employees already use those systems for work.
The enforcement changes are substantial. Employers could face up to $50,000 per unfair labor practice, or up to $100,000 for repeat violations within 5 years. Workers who win cases could get back pay plus double damages, meaning a $10,000 loss could become $30,000 in total relief before any other remedies.
The bill reaches beyond election rules too. It would override state and territorial laws that block fair-share fee agreements, require remote union voting systems within 1 year, and create new timelines for labor whistleblower complaints and investigations.
H.R. 20 Bill Summary
What H.R. 20 actually does.
First contracts can't sit in limbo for years
If a new union and employer do not reach a first contract after 90 days of bargaining, either side can request mediation. If there is still no deal after 30 more days, a three-person arbitration panel must step in and issue binding terms that last for 2 years.
Union elections move on a tighter clock
Pre-election hearings would have to begin within 8 days, and elections would have to be scheduled within 20 business days. Employers would also have 2 business days to give unions a voter list with contact information for eligible workers.
Anti-union violations get much more expensive
Unfair labor practice penalties could reach $50,000 per violation, rising to $100,000 for repeat violations within 5 years. Separate penalties could also apply for ignoring labor board orders or breaking voter-list and notice rules.
Workers can recover more than lost pay
When workers win, the labor board would have to award back pay plus liquidated damages equal to two times the damages awarded. In practical terms, that triples the damages portion before any other remedy is added.
More workers count as employees
The bill uses a strict 3-part test for independent contractor status. Unless a worker is truly free from control, works outside the company's usual business, and runs an independent trade, that worker would generally be treated as an employee under federal labor law.
Companies sharing control can share responsibility
Businesses could be treated as joint employers if they share control over key job terms, including through indirect control or even authority they reserve but do not regularly use. That matters for franchises, staffing arrangements, and subcontracting chains.
Remote union voting becomes mandatory
Within 1 year of enactment, union voting systems would have to allow voting by internet or telephone. The bill also orders future government studies on broader bargaining structures and who is covered by labor law.
Who benefits from H.R. 20?
Workers trying to unionize for the first time
If you're part of a new organizing drive, H.R. 20 is built to keep the process moving. Hearings would start within 8 days, elections would be scheduled within 20 business days, and your employer would have just 2 business days to hand over the voter list.
Newly organized workers waiting on a first contract
A first contract could no longer drag on indefinitely. After 90 days of bargaining and 30 days of mediation, the dispute moves to binding arbitration, with a decision due within 120 days and terms lasting 2 years.
Workers labeled as independent contractors
Gig workers and other workers classified outside regular employment could gain labor-law protections if they do not meet all 3 parts of the bill's contractor test. That would make it harder to keep workers outside union rights by classification alone.
Employees punished for organizing or striking
Workers fired, underpaid, or otherwise harmed by unlawful labor practices could recover back pay plus double damages. And if an employer racks up repeat violations, the bill allows penalties of up to $100,000 each.
Who is affected by H.R. 20?
Private-sector employers
Employers would face faster election rules, broader limits on anti-union conduct, and much steeper financial exposure. The bill also restricts permanent striker replacements and mandatory anti-union meetings unrelated to job duties.
Franchisors, staffing firms, and subcontractors
Companies that share or reserve control over working conditions could be treated as joint employers. That could pull more business relationships into bargaining duties and labor-law liability.
Managers now treated as supervisors
Some workers currently excluded from labor-law protections could be reclassified if they do not spend a majority of their worktime acting in the employer's interest as supervisors. That would expand who can organize under federal law.
States and territories with right-to-work laws
Their rules limiting fair-share fee agreements would no longer control where federal labor law applies. H.R. 20 says those agreements would be enforceable despite conflicting state or territorial law.
What Congress Is Saying
17 legislators have weighed in on H.R. 20 — 9 Democrats, 8 Republicans.
H.R. 20 also appeared in 2 more House floor references and 5 routine cosponsor filings.
HR20 Legislative Journey
House: Committee Action
Mar 5, 2025
Referred to the House Committee on Education and Workforce.
About the Sponsor
Robert Scott
Democrat, Virginia's 3rd congressional district · 33 years in Congress
Committees: Education and Workforce, the Budget
View full profile →
Cosponsors (215)
This bill has 215 cosponsors: 213 Democrats, 2 Republicans. Cosponsors represent 39 states: Alabama, Arizona, California, and 36 more.
Brian Fitzpatrick
Republican · PA
Shontel Brown
Democrat · OH
Gwen Moore
Democrat · WI
Nikema Williams
Democrat · GA
Eleanor Norton
Democrat · DC
Rashida Tlaib
Democrat · MI
Sanford Bishop
Democrat · GA
LaMonica McIver
Democrat · NJ
Dina Titus
Democrat · NV
Suzanne Bonamici
Democrat · OR
William Keating
Democrat · MA
James McGovern
Democrat · MA
Cosponsor Coverage Map
Committee Sponsors
Education and Workforce Committee
15 of 36 committee members cosponsored
1 Democrats across this committee haven't cosponsored yet. Mobilize their constituents
What laws does H.R. 20 change?
8 changes
Sections Amended
Section 2(2) of National Labor Relations Act (29 U.S.C. 152(2))
adding at the end the following: ``Two or more persons shall be employers with respect to an employee if each such person codetermines or shares control over the employee's essential terms and conditions of employment
Section 2(3) of National Labor Relations Act (29 U.S.C. 152(3))
adding at the end the following: ``An individual performing any service shall be considered an employee (except as provided in the previous sentence) and not an independent contractor, unless-- ``(A) the individual is free from control and direction in connection with the performance of the service, both under the contract for the performance of service and in fact; ``(B) the service is performed outside the usual course of the business of the employer; and ``(C) the individual is customarily engaged in an independently established trade, occupation, profession, or business of the same nature as that involved in the service performed
Section 3003 of Federal Reports Elimination and Sunset Act of 1995 (Public Law 104-66; 31 U.S.C. 1113 note) shall not apply with respect to reports required under this subsection. ``(3) Each report issued under this subsection shall-- ``(A) include no less detail than reports issued by the Board prior to the termination of such reports under section 3003 of the Federal Reports Elimination and Sunset Act of 1995 (Public Law 104-66; 31 U.S.C. 1113 note); ``(B) list each case in which the Designated Agency Ethics Official provided advice regarding whether a Member should be recused from participating in a case or rulemaking; and ``(C) list each case in which the Designated Agency Ethics Official determined that a Member should be recused from participating in a case or rulemaking.''. SEC. 103. APPOINTMENT. Section 4(a) of the National Labor Relations Act (29 U.S.C. 154(a))
striking ``, or for economic analysis''
Section 10(c) of National Labor Relations Act (29 U.S.C. 160(c))
striking ``suffered by him'' and inserting ``suffered by such employee: Provided further, That if the Board finds that an employer has discriminated against an employee in violation of paragraph (3) or (4) of section 8(a) or has committed a violation of section 8(a) that results in the discharge of an employee or other serious economic harm to an employee, the Board shall award the employee back pay without any reduction (including any reduction based on the employee's interim earnings or failure to earn interim earnings), front pay (when appropriate), full compensation for all direct or foreseeable pecuniary harms suffered as a result of the respondent's unfair labor practice, and an additional amount as liquidated damages equal to two times the amount of damages awarded: Provided further, no relief under this subsection shall be denied on the basis that the employee is, or was during the time of relevant employment or during the back pay period, an unauthorized alien as defined in section 274A(h)(3) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U
Section 18 of National Labor Relations Act (29 U.S.C. 168)
striking ``section 10(e) or (f)'' and inserting ``subsection (d) or (f) of section 10''
Section 10(b) of National Labor Relations Act (29 U.S.C. 160(b)) is amended-- (1) by striking ``six months'' and inserting ``180 days''; and (2) by striking ``the six-month period'' and inserting ``the 180-day period''. SEC. 110. LIMITATIONS ON THE RIGHT TO STRIKE. Section 13 of the National Labor Relations Act (29 U.S.C. 163)
striking the period at the end and inserting the following: ``: Provided, That the duration, scope, frequency, or intermittence of any strike or strikes shall not render such strike or strikes unprotected or prohibited
H.R. 20 Quick Facts
- Committee
- Education and Workforce
- Chamber
- House
- Policy
- Labor and Employment
- Introduced
- Mar 5, 2025
Referred to the House Committee on Education and Workforce.
Mar 5, 2025
Official Sources
Official legislative status page for the Richard L. Trumka Protecting the Right to Organize Act of 2025.
Official NLRB overview of collective bargaining rights, relevant to the bill's first-contract mediation and arbitration provisions.
Department of Labor guidance on worker misclassification, relevant to H.R. 20's stricter test for treating workers as employees rather than independent contractors.
Official compiled text of the National Labor Relations Act, the main federal labor statute H.R. 20 would amend.
Summarizes employee rights to organize, act together, and join a union under federal law, which H.R. 20 would strengthen.
H.R. 20 Common Questions
What does H.R. 20 do in plain English?
H.R. 20 makes it easier for workers to form unions, speeds up election and bargaining timelines, raises penalties on employers, and broadens who qualifies for federal labor-law protection.
How fast would a union election happen under H.R. 20?
The bill says elections must be scheduled within 20 business days. Pre-election hearings would start within 8 days, and employers would have 2 business days to hand over the voter list.
Can H.R. 20 force a first union contract into arbitration?
Yes. If bargaining lasts 90 days without a deal, either side can request mediation. If mediation fails after 30 more days, a three-person panel would impose binding contract terms for 2 years.
How much are the employer penalties in H.R. 20?
Unfair labor practice penalties could reach $50,000 per violation, or $100,000 for repeat violations within 5 years. Workers could also receive back pay plus double damages.
Would H.R. 20 ban permanently replacing strikers?
Yes. The bill would treat permanently replacing workers for participating in a strike as an unfair labor practice under federal labor law.
Would gig workers count as employees under H.R. 20?
Some could. H.R. 20 uses a strict 3-part test, so workers would generally count as employees unless they are truly independent from the company in all three parts of that test.
Does H.R. 20 override state right-to-work laws?
Partly. H.R. 20 says fair-share fee agreements would be enforceable despite conflicting state or territorial law, so it would override those rules on that issue.
Would H.R. 20 allow online or phone union voting?
Yes. The bill requires the labor board to implement voting systems within 1 year that let workers cast ballots by internet or telephone.
Based on H.R. 20 bill text
H.R. 20 Bill Text
“To amend the National Labor Relations Act, the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947, and the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959, and for other purposes.”
Source: U.S. Government Publishing Office
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