The Committee on Appropriations holds the power of the purse, responsible for writing legislation that allocates federal funds to numerous government agencies, departments, and organizations. Its twelve subcommittees determine spending levels for discretionary programs across the government, after reviewing presidential budget requests and holding hearings.

The Committee on Science, Space, and Technology has jurisdiction over non-defense federal scientific research and development, including programs at NASA, the National Science Foundation, and the Department of Energy. It covers areas like space exploration, energy research, environmental science, and technology innovation.