The Special Committee on Aging investigates challenges and opportunities facing older Americans, examining topics like healthcare, retirement security, and consumer protection. It holds hearings and issues findings to inform Senate policy and legislation affecting the senior population.

The Committee on Armed Services exercises legislative oversight for the nation's military, including the Department of Defense, military research and development, nuclear energy activities, and benefits for members of the armed forces. It also handles the confirmation of presidential nominees for senior defense and military positions.

The Committee on the Budget establishes the annual framework for congressional spending and revenue levels through the budget resolution process. It oversees the Congressional Budget Office and monitors federal budget enforcement, analyzing the financial impact of proposed legislation.

The Committee on Foreign Relations leads Senate consideration of U.S. foreign policy, including treaties, diplomatic nominations, foreign aid, and arms control. It shapes legislation concerning international relations and provides oversight of the State Department and other foreign affairs agencies.

The Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs provides oversight of homeland security operations and the efficiency and management of the federal government. Its jurisdiction includes counterterrorism, cybersecurity, border security, emergency management, and governmental affairs, including the Postal Service and the Census Bureau.