The Committee on the Budget establishes the annual framework for congressional spending and revenue levels through the budget resolution process. It oversees the Congressional Budget Office and monitors federal budget enforcement, analyzing the financial impact of proposed legislation.

As the chief tax-writing committee in the House, the Committee on Ways and Means has jurisdiction over all taxation, tariffs, and other revenue-raising measures. It also oversees major entitlement programs like Social Security, Medicare, unemployment benefits, and parts of welfare services.