The Committee on Appropriations holds the power of the purse, responsible for writing legislation that allocates federal funds to numerous government agencies, departments, and organizations. Its twelve subcommittees determine spending levels for discretionary programs across the government, after reviewing presidential budget requests and holding hearings.

The Committee on Small Business addresses issues impacting American small businesses and entrepreneurs, including access to capital, government contracting, and regulatory relief. It provides oversight of the Small Business Administration (SBA).