The Committee on the Budget establishes the annual framework for congressional spending and revenue levels through the budget resolution process. It oversees the Congressional Budget Office and monitors federal budget enforcement, analyzing the financial impact of proposed legislation.

The Committee on the Judiciary conducts oversight of the Department of Justice and considers nominations for federal judgeships, including the Supreme Court. Its legislative jurisdiction covers constitutional amendments, federal criminal law, immigration, antitrust, patents, and civil liberties.

Commonly known as the 'traffic cop' of the House, the powerful Committee on Rules determines the rules and procedures under which specific bills will be considered on the House floor. It sets debate times, determines which amendments are in order, and structures the legislative process.