The Committee on Science, Space, and Technology has jurisdiction over non-defense federal scientific research and development, including programs at NASA, the National Science Foundation, and the Department of Energy. It covers areas like space exploration, energy research, environmental science, and technology innovation.

The Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure oversees legislation related to transportation, including highways, aviation, rail, pipelines, and maritime transport, as well as infrastructure development. Its jurisdiction covers water resources, disaster management (FEMA), and economic development programs.