The Committee on the Budget establishes the annual framework for congressional spending and revenue levels through the budget resolution process. It oversees the Congressional Budget Office and monitors federal budget enforcement, analyzing the financial impact of proposed legislation.

The Committee on the Judiciary conducts oversight of the Department of Justice and considers nominations for federal judgeships, including the Supreme Court. Its legislative jurisdiction covers constitutional amendments, federal criminal law, immigration, antitrust, patents, and civil liberties.

The Committee on Natural Resources considers legislation related to public lands, national parks, wildlife, fisheries, mining, energy resources on federal lands, and Native American affairs. It oversees agencies like the Department of the Interior and the Forest Service within the Department of Agriculture.