The Committee on Armed Services exercises legislative oversight for the nation's military, including the Department of Defense, military research and development, nuclear energy activities, and benefits for members of the armed forces. It also handles the confirmation of presidential nominees for senior defense and military positions.

The Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party plays an important role in developing legislation and providing oversight in its area of jurisdiction. The committee holds hearings, conducts investigations, and reviews bills that shape federal policy.