The Committee on Energy and Commerce has broad jurisdiction over energy policy, healthcare, telecommunications, consumer protection, environmental quality, and interstate and foreign commerce. It oversees numerous federal agencies and shapes legislation impacting significant sectors of the economy.

The Committee on the Judiciary conducts oversight of the Department of Justice and considers nominations for federal judgeships, including the Supreme Court. Its legislative jurisdiction covers constitutional amendments, federal criminal law, immigration, antitrust, patents, and civil liberties.