The Committee on Armed Services exercises legislative oversight for the nation's military, including the Department of Defense, military research and development, nuclear energy activities, and benefits for members of the armed forces. It also handles the confirmation of presidential nominees for senior defense and military positions.

The Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure oversees legislation related to transportation, including highways, aviation, rail, pipelines, and maritime transport, as well as infrastructure development. Its jurisdiction covers water resources, disaster management (FEMA), and economic development programs.