The Committee on Appropriations holds the power of the purse, responsible for writing legislation that allocates federal funds to numerous government agencies, departments, and organizations. Its twelve subcommittees determine spending levels for discretionary programs across the government, after reviewing presidential budget requests and holding hearings.

The Strategic Competition Between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party plays an important role in developing legislation and providing oversight in its area of jurisdiction. The committee holds hearings, conducts investigations, and reviews bills that shape federal policy.