The Committee on Armed Services exercises legislative oversight for the nation's military, including the Department of Defense, military research and development, nuclear energy activities, and benefits for members of the armed forces. It also handles the confirmation of presidential nominees for senior defense and military positions.

The Committee on the Budget establishes the annual framework for congressional spending and revenue levels through the budget resolution process. It oversees the Congressional Budget Office and monitors federal budget enforcement, analyzing the financial impact of proposed legislation.

The Committee on Veterans' Affairs handles legislation related to veterans' benefits, healthcare, housing, employment, and memorials. It provides oversight for the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and addresses issues affecting former service members.