The Committee on Appropriations holds the power of the purse, responsible for writing legislation that allocates federal funds to numerous government agencies, departments, and organizations. Its twelve subcommittees determine spending levels for discretionary programs across the government, after reviewing presidential budget requests and holding hearings.

The Committee on the Budget establishes the annual framework for congressional spending and revenue levels through the budget resolution process. It oversees the Congressional Budget Office and monitors federal budget enforcement, analyzing the financial impact of proposed legislation.

The Select Committee on Intelligence provides vigilant legislative oversight of the United States Intelligence Community, ensuring activities conform to the Constitution and laws. It reviews intelligence budgets, programs, and operations, and prepares legislation authorizing appropriations for intelligence agencies.

The Committee on the Judiciary conducts oversight of the Department of Justice and considers nominations for federal judgeships, including the Supreme Court. Its legislative jurisdiction covers constitutional amendments, federal criminal law, immigration, antitrust, patents, and civil liberties.