The Committee on Appropriations holds the power of the purse, responsible for writing legislation that allocates federal funds to numerous government agencies, departments, and organizations. Its twelve subcommittees determine spending levels for discretionary programs across the government, after reviewing presidential budget requests and holding hearings.

The Committee on Foreign Affairs considers legislation impacting diplomatic relations, foreign aid, international trade, and national security related to foreign policy. It oversees the State Department, USAID, and other international affairs agencies.