The Committee on Appropriations holds the power of the purse, responsible for writing legislation that allocates federal funds to numerous government agencies, departments, and organizations. Its twelve subcommittees determine spending levels for discretionary programs across the government, after reviewing presidential budget requests and holding hearings.

The Committee on the Budget establishes the annual framework for congressional spending and revenue levels through the budget resolution process. It oversees the Congressional Budget Office and monitors federal budget enforcement, analyzing the financial impact of proposed legislation.

The Committee on Environment and Public Works deals with legislation concerning environmental protection, infrastructure projects like highways and water systems, and disaster response. Its jurisdiction includes oversight of the Environmental Protection Agency and the Army Corps of Engineers.

The Committee on Foreign Relations leads Senate consideration of U.S. foreign policy, including treaties, diplomatic nominations, foreign aid, and arms control. It shapes legislation concerning international relations and provides oversight of the State Department and other foreign affairs agencies.

The Committee on Rules and Administration oversees the rules and procedures of the Senate, federal election laws, campaign finance, presidential succession, and the administration of Senate buildings. It also manages entities like the Government Publishing Office and the Library of Congress.

This joint committee oversees the functions of the Government Publishing Office (GPO), setting standards for government printing, distribution, and archival of federal documents. It addresses public access to government information and the efficiency of federal printing operations.