The Committee on Energy and Natural Resources handles matters related to energy development, conservation, regulation, nuclear energy, national parks, public lands, and natural resource management. It oversees the Department of Energy and the Department of the Interior.

The Committee on Finance holds broad jurisdiction over taxation and revenue measures, the nation's debt, customs, international trade, and key social programs. It oversees Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, and unemployment benefits, shaping fiscal policy and health legislation.

The Committee on Foreign Relations leads Senate consideration of U.S. foreign policy, including treaties, diplomatic nominations, foreign aid, and arms control. It shapes legislation concerning international relations and provides oversight of the State Department and other foreign affairs agencies.

The Committee on Indian Affairs studies matters pertaining to American Indian, Native Hawaiian, and Alaska Native peoples. It handles legislation related to tribes, land management, health, education, and economic development for Native populations.