The Committee on the Budget establishes the annual framework for congressional spending and revenue levels through the budget resolution process. It oversees the Congressional Budget Office and monitors federal budget enforcement, analyzing the financial impact of proposed legislation.

The Committee on Foreign Affairs considers legislation impacting diplomatic relations, foreign aid, international trade, and national security related to foreign policy. It oversees the State Department, USAID, and other international affairs agencies.

The Committee on the Judiciary conducts oversight of the Department of Justice and considers nominations for federal judgeships, including the Supreme Court. Its legislative jurisdiction covers constitutional amendments, federal criminal law, immigration, antitrust, patents, and civil liberties.