The Committee on Appropriations holds the power of the purse, responsible for writing legislation that allocates federal funds to numerous government agencies, departments, and organizations. Its twelve subcommittees determine spending levels for discretionary programs across the government, after reviewing presidential budget requests and holding hearings.

The Committee on Energy and Natural Resources handles matters related to energy development, conservation, regulation, nuclear energy, national parks, public lands, and natural resource management. It oversees the Department of Energy and the Department of the Interior.

The Select Committee on Intelligence provides vigilant legislative oversight of the United States Intelligence Community, ensuring activities conform to the Constitution and laws. It reviews intelligence budgets, programs, and operations, and prepares legislation authorizing appropriations for intelligence agencies.

This joint committee conducts studies and provides recommendations to Congress on the U.S. economy, reviewing economic conditions and advising on policy matters. It holds hearings, issues reports like the annual Joint Economic Report, and analyzes fiscal and monetary policy impacts.